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Geometric-morphometric approach to age and sex variability of the acetabulum
Cibulková, Simona ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Bejdová, Šárka (referee)
6 Abstract This thesis compared age and sex differences in lunate surface morphology using a 3D geometric-morphometric approach. The acetabulum of 240 individuals was compared using landmarks and semilandmarks placed along the edge of the lunate surface. The individuals ranged in age from 20 to 90 and came from three geographic areas. This thesis was based on the study of San-Millán et al. (2017a) that used a 2D geometric-morphometric approach to investigate the shape of the acetabulum. Analyses in this thesis showed that size, sex, and age significantly affect the acetabular shape. The differences between both sexes can be observed in the size and depth of the acetabulum, the width of the acetabular notch, and the amount of bone growth at the acetabular horns and along the edges of the lunate surface. Both sexes exhibit age- related changes, which are linked to gradual deposits of bone along the edge of the lunate surface, the acetabular horns, and the acetabular fossa, which tends to lose the 3-lobed cloverleaf shape. According to the geometric-morphometric analysis conducted in this thesis, the acetabulum provides more accurate age estimates for individuals younger than 65 years of age. Keywords: Bioarchaeology, forensic anthropology, age estimation, sex estimation, acetabulum, lunate surface of hip...
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On the limits and possibilities of the stature estimating from hand and foot measurements (hand stencils and foot impressions).
Havránková, Jiřina ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Dobisíková, Miluše (referee)
This bachelor essay explains view of methods for stature estimation based on hand and foot dimensions. It appears from this view that regression functions are population specific. I have assessed this fact on the collection of 100 French students and I have applicated specific chosen regression equations on the exact group. For stature estimation the most suitable regression equation was the one created by Agnihotri and col. (2008). It provides the best results in an interval 11 up to 12 cms regarding the actual height. For one of the equations, which is using the length of the left hand and the breadth of the right hand of men, the results of the estimation is even 6 cms regarding the actual height. At the end, I tried to calculate my own equations, which offers the estimation results between 6 - 7 cms for the formulas working with the hand length, the estimation results is between 12 - 13 cms for the formulas using the breadth of the arm.
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Digital forensic anthropology and sexual dimorphism of recent population os coxae: implication for sex estimation.
Mesteková, Šárka ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Dobisíková, Miluše (referee)
This thesis uses the metric evaluation of 3D models created from CT images. The study is based on an examination of 51 males and 55 females CT scans from recent European population and also based on a metric data (10 linear measurements) of the same geographical provenance of the mid-20th century (n=113). The purpose of our research project is to determine the degree of sexual dimorphism in current population and compare the degree of sexual dimorphism in this geographic area in the middle of the last century. Intraobserver variabilities of linear measurements were less than 2%. Both groups were statistically tested. An index of sexual dimorphism (ISD) was used to assess the level of sexual dimorphism within each sample (Paris ISD = 8,28, Marseille ISD = 6,50). The two-sided t-test indicates that the degree of sexual dimorphism is not significantly different between population from the mid-20th century and recent population (p = 0,680). The secular trend was expressed by the z-score. The results showed that changes in the pelvic bone between the two groups are not significant, since neither one of the measurements does not exceed ±2 SD. Finally, we verified the reliability of method DSP ("Diagnose Sexuelle Probabiliste") for measurements deducted from CT-derived models. The results showed the...
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Sex assessment of skull using exocranial meshes from CT scans
Musilová, Barbora ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Friedl, Lukáš (referee)
Sex estimation is a challenging problem in both forensic anthropology and bioarchaeology. Sexual dimorphism is most noticeably displayed by the pelvis; however in instances when it is not preserved, sex is estimated by skull. There is a multitude of approaches that use the skull, however, their population specificity and variable sexual dimorphism oscillation reduces their effectiveness (Bruzek and Murail, 2006). We base our contribution on the study by Abdel Fatah et al. (2014) that estimates sex based on exocranial and endocranial surfaces with a high success rate of 97%. Our approach uses anonymized CT scans of skulls from recent french population, from which the exocranial surface was segmented. On these surfaces, CPD-DCA (Dupej et al., 2014) was performed. We analyzed both form and shape (form after size normalization) of these surfaces in 104 skulls (53 males, 51 females) aged 18 to 92 years. The mean age was 58 years in females and 52.46 years in males. Classification was performed using support vector machines (SVM) with a radial kernel. Leave-one-out crossvalidation was also applied. The highest success rate (87.5 %) was achieved with the first 27 principal components of form. Classification of shape was less accurate by only 2 %. Even though our success rate was lower than that of Abdel...
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Cementochronology and its importance in forensic anthropology and bioarchaeology: a comparison between individuals of different climatic zones
Pytlíčková, Kristýna ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Velemínský, Petr (referee)
In the field of forensic anthropology and bioarchaeology, there is a constant search for more suitable and reliable methods that would allow the estimation of age and seasonality at the time of death of individuals. This work is devoted to the method of cementochronology. It is a method that works with continuously growing dental tissue - a cement layer, whose regular periodic growth is closely correlated with increasing age. The diploma thesis is based on 2 sets of teeth of individuals of known age and extraction season, which come from different geographically different populations - Czech and Malaysian. The group of the Czech population contains a total of 21 teeth, the group of the Malaysian population contains 11 teeth. Histological specimens were prepared from these samples and 5 sections were analyzed from each individual, in which the incremental lines of the root cement layer were counted and the nature of the last incremental line to estimate seasonality. The results of age estimation achieved by us in both groups, the Czech and Malaysian populations, were close to the chronological age of the individual. The average difference between these ages in the samples of the Czech population was 1,15 years, with the results being overestimated more often. The average difference in the sample of...
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"Putting flesh and fat back onto the bones": A 3D analysis of the influence of body composition and mass on bone architecture
Lacoste Jeanson, Alizé ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Velemínský, Petr (referee) ; Friedl, Lukáš (referee)
Univerzita Karlova Přírodovědecká fakulta Antropologie a Genetika člověka Alizé Lacoste Jeanson, M.Sc. "NÁVRAT SVALŮ A TUKU ZPĚT NA KOSTI": 3D ANALÝZA VLIVU TĚLESNÉ KOMPOZICE A HMOTNOSTI NA KOSTNÍ ARCHITEKTURU "PUTTING FLESH AND FAT BACK ONTO THE BONES": A 3D ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF BODY COMPOSITION AND MASS ON BONE ARCHITECTURE Disertačnn prace Doctoral thesis Školitel Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Jaroslav Brůžek, CSc, PhD, HDR Praha, 2018 Prague, 2018 Charles University Faculty of Science Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics Abstract The understanding of biomechanics is essential to various studies in bioanthropology. Bone is a living tissue that constantly remodels in order to functionally adapt to biomechanical constrains. Long bones diaphyses in particular have been subjected to various analyses notably because the application of beam engineering principles has rendered possible the evaluation of their resistance to various directional constrains based on their shape. Body mass estimation methods lie on this principle. Body mass is partially used since the nineties as a proxy to control the influence of body size on bone's architecture prior to interpreting variations between populations. More recently, they have been used to estimate physical status (i.e. emaciation, norm, obesity)....
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Sex classification using external and internal morphology of frontal bone: application in forensic science and bioarcheology
Čechová, Markéta ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Bigoni, Lucie (referee)
This master's work was focused on the assessment of sexual dimorphism of external and internal morphology of frontal bone. Sexual diagnosis based on external surface of frontal bones and volume and surface of frontal sinuses was carried out using geometric morphometrics methods. Our approach used anonimized CT scans of 103 skulls from recent Czech population, from which 3D models of frontal bones and frontal sinuses were created. At first the analysis was aimed at studying form and shape of external surface of frontal bone. Our methodology is based on the work of Musilová et al. (2016) that estimates sex using exocranial surface of the entire skull. We analyzed variability and tested differences in males and females frontal bones. The main target of this work was sex classification. The highest success rate acquired 86,41 % with the first 20 main components of form. The following part of this study was focused on sex estimation using the methodology developed by Bulut et al. (2016), which was applied in Turkish population. This method classified Czech males and females with accuracy 70,87 %. In order to complete sex determination based on the frontal bone we also used classification of the radius of the frontal bone curvature with success rate of 77,66 %. The attention was also paid to studying...
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Sex assessment of skull using exocranial meshes from CT scans
Musilová, Barbora ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Friedl, Lukáš (referee)
Sex estimation is a challenging problem in both forensic anthropology and bioarchaeology. Sexual dimorphism is most noticeably displayed by the pelvis; however in instances when it is not preserved, sex is estimated by skull. There is a multitude of approaches that use the skull, however, their population specificity and variable sexual dimorphism oscillation reduces their effectiveness (Bruzek and Murail, 2006). We base our contribution on the study by Abdel Fatah et al. (2014) that estimates sex based on exocranial and endocranial surfaces with a high success rate of 97%. Our approach uses anonymized CT scans of skulls from recent french population, from which the exocranial surface was segmented. On these surfaces, CPD-DCA (Dupej et al., 2014) was performed. We analyzed both form and shape (form after size normalization) of these surfaces in 104 skulls (53 males, 51 females) aged 18 to 92 years. The mean age was 58 years in females and 52.46 years in males. Classification was performed using support vector machines (SVM) with a radial kernel. Leave-one-out crossvalidation was also applied. The highest success rate (87.5 %) was achieved with the first 27 principal components of form. Classification of shape was less accurate by only 2 %. Even though our success rate was lower than that of Abdel...
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Digital forensic anthropology and sexual dimorphism of recent population os coxae: implication for sex estimation.
Mesteková, Šárka ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Dobisíková, Miluše (referee)
This thesis uses the metric evaluation of 3D models created from CT images. The study is based on an examination of 51 males and 55 females CT scans from recent European population and also based on a metric data (10 linear measurements) of the same geographical provenance of the mid-20th century (n=113). The purpose of our research project is to determine the degree of sexual dimorphism in current population and compare the degree of sexual dimorphism in this geographic area in the middle of the last century. Intraobserver variabilities of linear measurements were less than 2%. Both groups were statistically tested. An index of sexual dimorphism (ISD) was used to assess the level of sexual dimorphism within each sample (Paris ISD = 8,28, Marseille ISD = 6,50). The two-sided t-test indicates that the degree of sexual dimorphism is not significantly different between population from the mid-20th century and recent population (p = 0,680). The secular trend was expressed by the z-score. The results showed that changes in the pelvic bone between the two groups are not significant, since neither one of the measurements does not exceed ±2 SD. Finally, we verified the reliability of method DSP ("Diagnose Sexuelle Probabiliste") for measurements deducted from CT-derived models. The results showed the...
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